TRP receptors are present in all cells of our body and play a key role in the perception of various external stimuli. Among this large family of receptors, some such as TRPA1 and TRPV1 are directly involved in the transmission of the pain signal. Many studies have therefore focused on finding ways to block these specific receptors, with the aim of reducing the painful sensation.
How do TRP receptors work in pain transmission?
These receptors act as messengers, transmitting signals to the brain when stimulated. This stimulation triggers an inflammatory response that is the cause of the pain felt. Blocking TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors therefore appears to be a promising strategy to alleviate inflammation and, consequently, pain. However, TRP receptor antagonists, molecules designed to block them, have proven to be ineffective so far. One reason could be that cells produce more receptors when some of them are blocked, thus cancelling out the effect of the antagonist.
Parthenolide: A potential solution from nature
Parthenolide is a molecule found in small amounts in certain plants, such as butterbur or feverfew. Unlike classic antagonists, parthenolide has the ability to change the three-dimensional shape of the TRP receptor, making it less sensitive and, therefore, less able to transmit the pain signal to the brain. This process, called desensitization, also prevents the cell from producing new receptors, thus offering a potentially more effective and lasting solution.
Progress of our laboratory on the subject
In our lab, we conducted in vitro experiments to study how parthenolide interacts with the TRP receptor and how it alters its three-dimensional structure. This preliminary work confirmed that parthenolide does indeed bind to the receptor and paved the way for further research to explore its therapeutic potential as a natural treatment for pain.
